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AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 1 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product offline, high pf, high efficiency dimmable led driver controller description the AP1694A is a high performance ac/dc power factor correct or for mains dimmable led driver applications. the device use s pulse frequency modulation (pfm) technology to regulate output current while achieving high power factor and low thd. it operates as a bcm (boundary conduction mode) controller which is good for emi. the AP1694A provides accurate constant current (cc) regulation while removing the opto - coupler and secondary control circuitry. it also eliminates the need of loop compensation circuitry while maintaining stability. it can meet the requirement of iec 6100 - 3 - 2 harmonic standard. the AP1694A features low start - up current, l ow operation current. it adopts valley on switching mode to achieve high efficiency. it also has rich protection features including over voltage, short circuit, over temperature prote ction. the AP1694A provides the dimmable led driver with a wide dimmer compatibility including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer. the AP1694A can achieve deep dimming down to 1%, while the dimming curve is compliant with the standard of nema ssl6. th e AP1694A is available in so - 8 package . pin assignments (top view) so - 8 features ? primary s ide c ontrol for o utput c urrent r egulation without o pto - coupler ? boundary conduction mode (bcm) o peration to a chieve h igh - efficiency ? high pf and low thd (pf > 0.9, thd < 30%) ? high e fficiency without d immer ? wide r ange of d immer c ompatibility ? dimming c urve c ompliant with nema ssl6 ? low start - up current ? tight led current ? tight led o pen v oltage ? valley - mode s witching to m inimize the t ransition l oss ? mosfet driver up to 25w ? easy emi ? internal protections: ? under voltage lock out(uvlo) ? leading - edge blanking (leb) ? output short protection ? output open protection ? over temperature protection ? flexible for d esign with s mall f orm f actor and v ery l ow bom c ost ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (notes 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3) applications ? mains d immable led l ighting note s: 1 . no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu ( rohs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of hal ogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - f ree . 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. n c r i s g n d c s f b g n d o u t v c c 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 2 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product typical applications circuit typical b uck a pplication typical b uck - boost a pplication t 1 o u t + v c c f b o u t c s g n d u 1 a p 1 6 9 4 a c 3 r 7 r 5 r 6 r 4 d 1 c 4 r 3 q 1 b d 1 c 1 l 1 r 8 d 2 r 1 r i s g n d r 2 r 9 r f l n c 2 z 1 q 2 f 1 t v s 1 t 1 o u t + v c c f b o u t c s g n d u 1 a p 1 6 9 4 a c 3 r 7 r 5 r 6 r 4 d 1 c 4 r 3 q 1 b d 1 c 1 l 1 r 8 d 2 r 1 r i s g n d r 2 r 9 r f l n c 2 z 1 q 2 f 1 t v s 1
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 3 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product typical applications circuit (cont.) typical f ly - back a pplication pin description s pin number p in name function 1 nc no connection . 2 ri the initial on time sett ing resistor. 3 sgnd must connect to gnd. 4 cs primary current sensing . 5 fb the feedback voltage from auxiliary winding . 6 gnd g round. 7 out gate driver output. 8 vcc supply voltage of gate driver and control circuits of the ic . t 1 o u t + v c c f b o u t c s g n d u 1 a p 1 6 9 4 a c 3 r 7 r 5 r 6 r 4 d 1 c 4 r 3 q 1 b d 1 c 1 l 1 r 8 d 2 r 1 r i s g n d r 2 r 9 r f l n c 2 z 1 q 2 f 1 t v s 1 d 3 r 1 0 c 5
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 4 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product functional block diagram absolute maximum ratings ( note 4 ) ( @t a = + 25 c, unless otherwise specified .) symbol parameter rating unit v cc power supply voltage - 0.3 to 3 5 v i out driver output current 150 ma v cs voltage at cs to gnd - 0.3 to 7 v v fb fb input voltage - 40 to 10 v t j operating junction temperature - 40 to + 150 c t stg storage temperature - 65 to + 150 c t lead lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) + 300 c p d power dissipation ( t a = + 50 ? c ) 0.65 w ja thermal resistance (junction to ambient) 1 6 0 c /w C esd ( human body model) 20 00 v C esd ( machine model) 2 00 v note 4 : stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stres s ratings only, and functional o peration of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended o perating conditions is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. regulator & bias tons detector tons power _ en driver fb vcc out pfm r s q vref cc _ ctrl tonp _ ctrl cs gnd vdd protection & latch pro cs _ ocp fb _ cv fb _ ovp vcc _ ovp logic set initial tonp constant turn - on time generation vcsmax vcs _ valley ri sgnd 5 2 3 4 6 7 8
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 5 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product recommended operating conditions symbol parameter min max unit v cc power supply voltage 7 2 5 v t a ambient temperature - 40 + 105 c electrical characteristics (@ t a = + 25c, unless otherwise specified .) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit uvlo section v th (st) start - up threshold C 13 14.5 16 v v opr (min) minim um operating voltage after turn on 5.5 6.5 7.5 v v cc_ovp vcc ovp voltage C 27 29 31 v C v cc delatch voltage (note 5 ) C 3 4 5 v standby current section i st start - up current v cc = v th (st) - 0.5v, before start up C C 2 0 a i cc ( opr ) operating current s tatic C 900 13 00 a drive output section v gate gate v oltage C 11 12 14 v i source_l low driver source current C 35 40 45 ma i source_h high driver source current C 90 100 120 ma r ds(on) sink resistance C 6 7 8 ? current sense section v cs _ r ef current s ense r eference C C 1 C v v cs _ c lamp current sense reference clamp C 1.2 1.4 C v t onp _min minimum t onp C 7 00 C 1000 n s t d (h - l) delay to output (note 5 ) C 50 150 250 ns feedback input section i fb feedback pin input leakage current v fb = 2 v C C 4 a v fb _cv fb cv threshold C 3.8 4 4.2 v v fb _ovp fb ovp threshold C 4.5 6 7.5 v output current C system output current on final test board C C C 2 % over temperature protection section C shutdown temperature (note 5 ) C + 1 5 0 C C c C temperature hysteresis (note 5 ) C C + 20 C c note 5 : these parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not 100% tested in production .
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 6 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product performance characteristics cv threshold vs. supply voltage start - up voltage v s. ambient temperature minimal operating voltage v s. ambient temperature s tart - up current v s. ambient temperature operating current v s . ambient temperature cv threshold vs. ambient temperature -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 500 600 700 800 900 1000 operating current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 start-up voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 minimal operating voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 start-up current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 cv threshold (v) ambient temperature ( o c) 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 cv threshold (v) supply voltage (v)
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 7 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product performance characteristics ( c ont .) f b leakage current vs. ambient temperature supply c urrent vs. s upply v oltage 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 supply current ( ? a) supply voltage (v) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 fb leakage current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c)
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 8 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product application i nformation b ased on b uck s tructure the ap1694 a uses constant on time control method within one ac cycle to achieve the high p ower f actor. when the dimmer is connected to the driver, although a part of input voltage is cut off by the dimmer, the syst em still operates as constant on time mode, in this w ay good dimmer compatibility can be realized. fig ure 1. t ypical b uck a pplication c ircuit when the dimmer is connected, and the conduction angle of the dimmer is , according to the control principle of the ic, the output current can be g o t as below: in consider of the dead zone of the buck structure, the output current dc value can be calculated as below: where , is the reference of the current sense, and the typical value is 1v . is the cut off angle of dimmer. is the phase of the input voltage . k is the current modification coefficient , and the value is approximate to be 0.7. w hen no dimmer is connected with the driver ( ) , the output current dc value can be got as: t 1 o u t + v c c f b o u t c s g n d u 1 a p 1 6 9 4 a c 3 r 7 r 5 r 6 r 4 d 1 c 4 r 3 q 1 b d 1 c 1 l 1 r 8 d 2 r 1 r i s g n d r 2 r 9 r f l n c 2 z 1 q 2 f 1 t v s 1 ? _ 0 1 ( , ) o mean o i k i d ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? s_ref _ 1 8 c o mean v ik r ? ? ? ? _ 1 sin( ) 1 ( , ) ( , ) 28 2 0 cs ref o pk v if ii r else ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? _ cs ref v ? ?? ?
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 9 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product application i nformation b ased on b uck s tructure (cont.) design p arameters setting the c urrent s ense r esistor r8 according to the equation of the output current , the current sense resistor r8 is determined: transformer selection the typical non - isolated buck circuit in f igure 1 is usually selected, and the system is operating at boundary conduction mode. the switching frequency at the crest is set as f min , the inductance can be calculated as below: where, is the output voltage . is the rms value of the input voltage . according to ferrari's law of electromagnetic induction, the winding turns number of the buck inductance n l is: where, is the core effective area . is the maximum magnetic flux density . the auxiliary winding is power supply for v cc , the winding turns number n aux is: where, v cc is the power supply voltage for ic from auxiliary winding . v d is the voltage drop of the freewheel diode . setting the i nitial o n t ime as the AP1694A adopts constant on time control method, the AP1694A will generate an initial on time to start a working cycle. if the initial on time is longer than the rated on time, overshoot will happen. the initial on time is determined by resister r1 shown in figure 1 . according to initial on time generation mechani sm, the t on_initial is : to guarantee the system with no overshoot phenomenon, the resistor r1 is selected : o v e a _ 8 pk cs ref l e m e m l i l v n a b a b r ?? ?? ? ? ? m b s r t initial on 12 _ 10 1 80 ? ? ? ? _ _ 8 cs ref o mean v rk i ? ?? ? cc aux l od v nn vv ?? ? _ _ _ min ( 2 ) 8 2 in rms o o cs ref in rms v v r v l v v f ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? _ in rms v 10 1 _ _ max 1.25 10 82 in rms l r ru ? ? ? ? ?
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 10 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product application i nformation b ased on b uck s tructure (cont.) in dimmable application, on the condition of the acceptable line regulation, the smaller r1 is selected will be better for di mming performance . valley o n c ontrol m ethod the valley on function can provide low turn - on switching losses for buck converter. the voltage across the power switch is reflected by the auxiliary winding of the buck transformer. the voltage is sensed by fb pin. figure 2 . v alley o n c ontrol a ccording to f igure 2 , when the falling edge of 0.1v is sensed by fb pin, the AP1694A will see the toff t ime is over and delay 1 s to start a new operating cycle. by this way we can realize valley on function. passive damping and bleeder design the passive bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate misfire and flicker. figure 3. led d river s chematic with p assive b leeder a passive bleeder is composed of a resister (r9) and a capacitor (c2). c1 is input filter capacitor and rf is damper resistor. the passive bleeder includes a capacitor (c2 , hundreds of n f ) to provide latching current. to remove the voltage and current spike, a resistor (r9) is necessary to dampen the spike . in dimmable application, because a large c2 will affect the pf, thd and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (c2) should be selected suitable . g enerally, 100nf/400v to 330nf/400v is recommended. rf is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of c2 at firing. r f is selected from 20 ? to 100 ? for low line application, and 51 ? to 200 ? for high line application. if r9 is too small, r9 cant fully dampen the spike current and ringing current will occur. the ri nging current will cause the triac misfire which will caus e led flicking. another consideration in r9 selection is power loss, too large r9 will make more power dissipation. generally, a 200 ? to 2k ? resistor is selected for r9. f 1 d b 1 c 1 l 1 r 9 r f l n c 2 p a s s i v e b l e e d i n g d a m p i n g 0 . 1 v 1 s v a l l e y f b
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 11 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product application i nformation b ased on b uck s tructure (cont.) fault protection over voltage p rotection and output open protection figure 4. ovp circuit the output voltage is sensed by the auxiliary winding voltage of the buck transformer, the v cc pin and fb pin provide over voltage protection function. when the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value. when the voltag e of v cc cap exceeds v cc_ovp or v fb_cv , the over voltage is triggered and the ic wi ll discharge v cc . w hen the v cc is below the uvlo threshold voltage, ic will start a new work cycle and the v cc cap is charged again by start resistance. if the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode. attention : i f the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application and the over voltage protection and output open protection happen, the i c will trigger latch. output short protection when the output is shorted, the output voltage will be clamped at 0. at this c ondition, v cc will drop down without auxiliary winding for power supply. and the v cc will drop to uvlo threshold voltage, the ic will shut down and restart a new operating cycle, and the v cc is charged by startup resistance. when v cc is high er than v cc_start voltage, ic will output a bunch of pulse to control power switch on and off . w hen still no fb signal detected the device will not output more pulse . s o the v cc will drop to v cc uvlo threshold again . if output short condition still exists, the system will operate in hiccup mode. attention : i f the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application, the d evice will not work at uvlo mode , and the device will work at minimum toff mode . over temperature protection AP1694A has two kinds of over temperature protection processes. first, the system is operating normally, the ambient temperature is c hanged to + 170c suddenly, the ic will trigger over temperature protection which leads to a latch wo rk mode. second, if the system start s when the ambient temperature is higher than + 150c , over temperature protection will be triggered. so the AP1694A can startup successfully when the ambient temperature is less than + 150c. components selection guide if the systems spec is changed, please refer to the design sheet of the AP1694A and select the compatible system parameter. when the system needs to be adjusted slightly, please refer to the table below and adjust the value of the related component. item description related components i o output current r8 output current ripple small current ripple is good for led life c4 t on_initial system initial on time, used to startup the system r1 output o pen v oltage setting the output voltage when the led is open r5, r6 dimming p erformance improve the dimming performance r1, rf, r9, c2, c4 emi pass en 55022 class b with 6db margin l1, c1 line c ompensation to get a good line regulation r7 v c c f b r f b 1 r f b 2 a p 1 6 9 4 a
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 12 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product ordering information diodes ics pb - free products with "g1" suffix in the part number, are rohs compliant and green . package temperature range part number marking id packing so - 8 - 40 c to + 1 0 5 c AP1694A mtr - g1 16 9 4 a m - g1 4 000/13tape & reel mark ing informatio n (top view) 1694a m - g1 ywwaxx first and s econd l ines: logo and marking id third l ine: date code y: y ear ww: w ork w eek of m olding a: a ssembly h ouse c ode xx: 7 th and 8 th d igits of batch no . a p 1 6 9 4 a x x x C p a c k i n g p a c k a g e p r o d u c t n a m e t r : t a p e & r e e l m : s o - 8 g 1 : g r e e n r o h s / g r e e n
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 13 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product package outline dimensions (all d imensions in mm ( inch ) . ) (1) package type: so - 8 0 8 1 7 r 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) r 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) 1 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 3 9 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 0 . 5 1 0 ( 0 . 0 2 0 ) 1 . 3 5 0 ( 0 . 0 5 3 ) 1 . 7 5 0 ( 0 . 0 6 9 ) 0 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 4 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 3 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 0 ) 4 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 7 ) 7 7 2 0 : 1 d 1 . 2 7 0 ( 0 . 0 5 0 ) t y p 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) 0 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 0 ) 8 d 5 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 2 2 8 ) 6 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 2 4 4 ) 0 . 6 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 4 ) 0 . 7 2 5 ( 0 . 0 2 9 ) 0 . 3 2 0 ( 0 . 0 1 3 ) 8 0 . 4 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 7 ) 0 . 8 2 0 ( 0 . 0 3 2 ) 4 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 1 8 5 ) 5 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 2 0 1 ) n o t e : e j e c t h o l e , o r i e n t e d h o l e a n d m o l d m a r k i s o p t i o n a l . o p t i o n 1 o p t i o n 1 o p t i o n 2 0 . 3 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 4 ) t y p t y p t y p 9 ~ 9 ~
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 14 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product suggested pad layout (1) package type: so - 8 dimensions z (mm)/(inch) g (mm)/(inch) x (mm)/(inch) y (mm)/(inch) e (mm)/(inch) value 6.900/0.272 3.900/0.154 0.650/0.026 1.500/0.059 1.270/0.050 g r i d p l a c e m e n t c o u r t y a r d z g y e x
AP1694A document number: ds 37094 rev. 1 - 2 15 of 15 www.diodes.com may 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap1694 a a product line of diodes incorporated new product new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other c hanges without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated do es not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, customers shall indemni fy and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising ou t of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized applicat ion. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this doc ument is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this do cument is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in signifi cant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. c ustomers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support de vices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related requireme nts concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further , customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 4 , diodes incorporated www.di odes.com

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